Permissions granted too broadly
Cloud permissions are fine-grained and genuinely difficult. Something does not work, someone grants full access to make it work, and nobody narrows it afterwards.
The result is a service or a person able to do far more than their job requires. Least privilege is the principle of granting only what is needed, and it loses to deadlines constantly.
the four failures, in order of how often they happen
Permissions widened at 6pm to unblock a deploynever narrowed afterwardsA storage bucket made public for one fileleft public for everythingAn access key created in 2023 for a migrationstill works, owner has leftAudit logging never switched onso nothing can be reconstructed
Cloud incidents are almost never clever. This is close to the whole list.
Broad permissions are almost never granted maliciously. They are granted at 6pm to unblock a deploy.